Publications
2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999-1990 1989 and earlier
2009 top
Chandrasekaran B, Hornickel J, Skoe E, Nicol T, Kraus N. (2009) Context-dependent encoding in the human auditory brainstem relates to hearing speech in noise: Implications for developmental dyslexia. Neuron 64:311-319.
Parbery-Clark A, Skoe E, Kraus N. (2009) Musical experience limits the degradative effects of background noise on the neural processing of sound. Journal of Neuroscience29:14100 - 14107.
Hornickel J, Skoe E, Nicol T, Zecker S, Kraus N. (2009) Subcortical Differentiation of Voiced Stop Consonants: Relationships to Reading and Speech in Noise Perception. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 106(31): 13022–13027.
Parbery-Clark A, Skoe E, Lam C, Kraus N. (2009) Musician enhancement for speech in noise. Ear and Hearing.30(6) 653-661 .
Tzounopoulos T, Kraus N. (2009) Learning To Encode Timing: Mechanisms of Plasticity in the Auditory Brainstem. Neuron.62(4): 463-469.
Abrams D, Nicol T, Zecker S, Kraus N. (2009) Abnormal cortical processing of the syllable rate of speech in poor readers. Journal of Neuroscience. 29: 7686 - 7693.
Krizman J, Skoe E, Kraus N. (in press) Stimulus rate and subcortical auditory processing of speech. Audiology Neurotology.
Banai K, Hornickel JM, Skoe E, Nicol T, Zecker S & Kraus N. (2009) Reading and Subcortical Auditory Function. Cerebral Cortex 19(11):2699-2707.
Russo NM, Zecker S, Trommer B, Chen J, Kraus N. (2009) Effects of background noise on cortical encoding of speech in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 39:1185-1196.
Russo NM, Nicol T, Trommer BL, Zecker S, Kraus N (2009) Brainstem transcription of speech is disrupted in children with autism spectrum disorders. Developmental Science 12(4):557–567.
Chandrasekaran B & Kraus N (in press) The scalp-recorded brainstem response to speech: neural origins. Psychophysiology. 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00928.x.
Dhar S, Abel R, Hornickel J, Nicol T, Skoe E, Zhao W, Kraus N. (2009) Exploring the relationship between physiological measures of cochlear and brainstem function. Clinical Neurophysiology. 120: 959-966.
Lee KM, Skoe E, Kraus N, Ashley R. (2009) Selective subcortical enhancement of musical intervals in musicians.Journal of Neuroscience 29 (18):5832-5840.
Strait D, Skoe E, Ashley R, Kraus N. (2009) Musical Experience Promotes Subcortical Efficiency in Processing Emotional Vocal Sounds. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences: Neurosciences and Music III. 1169:209-213.
Musacchia G, Arum L, Garstecki D, Nicol T, Kraus N. (2009) Audiovisual deficits in older adults with hearing impairment: biological evidence. Ear and Hearing 30(5): 505-514.
Kraus N, Skoe E, Parbery-Clark A, Ashley R (2009) Experience-induced malleability in neural encoding of pitch, timbre and timing: implications for language and music. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences: Neurosciences and Music III. 1169:543-557.
Strait DL, Skoe E, Kraus N, Ashley R (2009) Musical experience and neural efficiency: effects of training on subcortical processing of vocal expressions of emotion. European Journal of Neuroscience 29:661-668.
Warrier C, Wong PCM, Penhune V, Zatorre R, Parrish T, Abrams D, Kraus N. (2009) Relating structure to function: Heschl's Gyrus and acoustic processing. Journal of Neuroscience 29(1):61– 69.
Wang JQ, Nicol T, Skoe E, Sams M, Kraus N. (2009). Emotion modulates early auditory response to speech. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 21(11):2121–2128.
Hornickel JM, Skoe E, Kraus N. (2009) Subcortical lateralization of speech encoding. Audiology Neurotology. 14:198-207.
Abrams D, Kraus N. (2009) Auditory pathway representation of speech sounds in humans. In: Handbook of Clinical Audiology, Katz J, Hood L, Burkard R, Medwetsky L (eds.). pp 611-626.
Kraus N & Nicol T (2009) Auditory evoked potentials. In Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, Binder MD, Hirokawa N, Windhorst U, eds., Springer: Berlin, pp 214-218.
2008 top
Johnson KL, Nicol TG, Zecker SG, Bradlow A, Skoe E, Kraus N. (2008). Brainstem encoding of voiced consonant-vowel stop syllables.Clinical Neurophysiology 119: 2623-2635.
Banai K & Kraus N. (2008). The dynamic brainstem: implications for APD. In: D. McFarland and A. Cacace (eds). Current Controversies in Central Auditory Processing Disorder. Plural Publishing Inc: San Diego, CA. pp 269-289.
Musacchia G, Strait D, Kraus N. (2008) Relationships between behavior, brainstem and cortical encoding of seen and heard speech in musicians and nonmusicians. Hearing Research 
241:34-42.
Russo NM, Larson C, Kraus N. (2008) Audio-Vocal System Regulation in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders Experimental Brain Research 188:111-124.
Johnson KL, Nicol T, Kraus N. (2008) Developmental plasticity in the human auditory brainstem Journal of Neuroscience 28(15):4000-4007.
Abrams D, Nicol T, Zecker S, Kraus N. (2008) Right-hemisphere auditory cortex is dominant for coding syllable patterns in speech. Journal of Neuroscience 28(15):3958-3965.
Song JH, Banai K, Kraus N. (2008) Brainstem timing deficits in children with learning impairment may result from corticofugal origins. Audiology Neuro-Otolology 13:335-344.
Stegemöller EL, Skoe E, Nicol T, Warrier C, Kraus N (2008) Musical Training and Vocal Production of Speech and Song. Music Perception 25(5):419-428.
Russo NM, Bradlow AR, Skoe E, Trommer BL, Nicol T, Zecker S, Kraus N (2008) Deficient Brainstem Encoding of Pitch in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Clinical Neurophysiology 119(8)1720-1731.
Read Editorial on article by Gary Galbraith, Ph.D.
Song JH, Skoe E, Wong PCM, Kraus N. (2008) Plasticity in the adult human auditory brainstem following short-term linguistic training. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 20(10): 1892-1902.
2007 top
Musacchia G, Sams M, Skoe E, Kraus N. (2007) Musicians have enhanced subcortical auditory and audiovisual processing of speech and music. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 104(40):15894-15898
Wong PCM, Skoe E, Russo NM, Dees T, Kraus N. (2007) Musical experience shapes human brainstem encoding of linguistic pitch patterns. Nature Neuroscience 10:420-422.
Wong et al. (2007) Supplemental
Johnson K, Nicol T, Zecker S, Kraus N. (2007) Auditory brainstem correlates of perceptual timing deficits. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 19: 376 - 385.
Banai K, Abrams D, Kraus N. (2007) Speech evoked brainstem responses and sensory-based accounts of learning disability. International Journal of Audiology 46:524-532.
Kraus N, Banai K. (2007) Auditory processing malleability: Focus on language and music. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16: 105-109.
2006 top
Abrams A, Nicol T, Zecker S, Kraus N. (2006) Auditory brainstem timing predicts cerebral dominance for speech sounds. Journal of Neuroscience 26: 11131 - 11137.
Song JH, Banai K, Russo NM, Kraus N (2006) On the relationship between speech and nonspeech evoked auditory brainstem responses. Audiology and Neuro-Otology 11:233 - 241.
Musacchia GE, Sams M, Nicol TG, Kraus N. (2006) Seeing speech affects acoustic information processing in the human brainstem. Experimental Brain Research 168: 1 - 10.
Banai K, Kraus N (2006) Neurobiology of (central) auditory processing disorder and language-based learning disability. In: Handbook of Central Auditory Processing Disorder: Volume I: Auditory Neuroscience and Diagnosis, G.D. Chermak, F.E. Musiek (eds), San Diego: Plural Publishing Inc. pp. 89-116.
2005 top
Banai K, Nicol T, Zecker S, Kraus N (2005) Brainstem timing: Implications for cortical processing and literacy Journal of Neuroscience 25(43): 9850 - 9857.
Johnson KL, Nicol T., Kraus N. (2005) The brainstem response to speech: a biological marker. Ear and Hearing 26(5): 424 - 433.
Read Review for Johnson et al (2005)
Kraus N., Nicol T (2005) Brainstem origins for cortical "what" and "'where" pathways in the auditory system. TRENDS in Neurosciences 28: 176 - 181.
Wible B, Nicol T, Kraus N. (2005) Correlation between brainstem and cortical auditory processes in normal and language-impaired children. Brain 128: 417 - 423.
Russo N, Nicol T, Zecker S, Hayes E, Kraus N. (2005). Auditory training improves neural timing in the human brainstem.Behavioral Brain Research 156: 95- 103.
Nicol T., Kraus N (2005) How can the neural encoding and perception of speech be improved? In: Plasticity and Signal Representation in the Auditory System, Merzenich M and Syka J (eds.) Springer, New York, pp 259-270.
Wible B, Nicol T, Kraus N (2005) Encoding of complex sounds in an animal model: Implications for understanding speech perception in humans. In: Auditory Cortex: Towards a Synthesis of Human and Animal Research, Konig R, Heil P, Budinger E and Scheich H (eds.), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Oxford, pp 241-254.
2004 top
Warrier CM, Johnson KL, Hayes E, Nicol T., Kraus N. (2004) Learning impaired children exhibit timing deficits and training-related improvements in auditory cortical responses to speech in noise.Experimental Brain Research 157: 431-441.
Wible B, Nicol T., Kraus N. (2004) Atypical brainstem representation of onset and formant structure of speech sounds in children with language-based learning problems. Biological Psychology 67: 299-317.
Russo N, Nicol T, Musacchia G, Kraus, N. (2004) Brainstem responses to speech syllables. Clinical Neurophysiology 115: 2021-2030.
Nicol T., Kraus N (2004) Speech-sound encoding: Physiological manifestations and behavioral ramifications. Clinical Neurophysiology Supplement 57: 624-630.
2003 top
Hayes E, Tiippana K, Nicol T, Sams M & Kraus, N. (2003) Integration of heard and seen speech: a factor in learning disabilities in children. Neuroscience Letters 351:46-50.
Kraus N., Nicol T. (2003)Aggregate neural responses to speech sounds in the central auditory system. Speech Communication 41:35-47.
Hayes E, Warrier CM, Nicol T, Zecker SG & Kraus N. (2003) Neural plasticity following auditory training in children with learning problems. Clinical Neurophysiology 114:673-684.
Bradlow AR, Kraus N & Hayes E. (2003) Speaking clearly for children with learning disabilities: Sentence perception in noise. Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research 46:80-97.
2002 top
Firszt J, Chambers R, Kraus N., Reeder R. (2002) Neurophysiology of cochlear implant users I: Effects of stimulus current level and electrode site on the electrical ABR, MLR and N1-P2 response.Ear and Hearing 23:502-515
Firszt J, Chambers R., Kraus N. (2002) Neurophysiology of cochlear implant users II: Comparison among speech perception, dynamic range and physiological measures. Ear and Hearing 23:516-531.
Tremblay KL & Kraus N. (2002) Auditory training induces asymmetrical changes in cortical neural activity. Journal of Speech and Language Hearing Research 45:564-572.
Wible B, Nicol TG & Kraus N. (2002) Abnormal neural encoding of repeated speech stimuli in noise in children with learning problems. Clinical Neurophysiology 113:485-494.
King C, Warrier CM, Hayes E & Kraus N. (2002) Deficits in auditory brainstem encoding of speech sounds in children with learning problems. Neuroscience Letters 319:111-115.
Cunningham J, Nicol T, King CD, Zecker SG & Kraus N. (2002) Effects of noise and cue enhancement on neural responses to speech in auditory midbrain, thalamus and cortex. Hearing Research 169:97-111.
Tremblay K. & Kraus N.(2002) Beyond the ear: central auditory plasticity. Otorhinolaringology Reviews, 52:93-100.
2001 top
Cunningham J, Nicol T, Zecker SG., Kraus N. (2001) Neurobiologic responses to speech in noise in children with learning problems: Deficits and strategies for improvement. Clinical Neurophysiology 112:758-767.
Tremblay K, Kraus N, McGee TJ, Ponton CW., Otis B. (2001) Central auditory plasticity: changes in the N1-P2 complex after speech-sound training. Ear and Hearing 22:79-90.
McGee T, King C, Tremblay K, Nicol TG, Cunningham J., Kraus N. (2001) Long-term habituation of the speech-elicited mismatch negativity. Psychophysiology 38:653-658.
Kraus N. (2001) Auditory Pathway Encoding and Neural Plasticity in Children with Learning Problems. Audiology Neuro-Otology 6: 221-227.
Kraus N. (2001) Auditory Neuropathy: An Historical and Current Perspective. In: Auditory Neuropathy: A new perspective on hearing disorders. Y.Sininger and A. Starr (eds.), Singular Thomson Learning, London, pp1-14.
2000 top
Cunningham J, Nicol T, Zecker S., Kraus N. (2000) Speech-evoked neurophysiologic responses in children with learning problems: development and behavioral correlates of perception. Ear and Hearing 21:554-568.
Kraus N., Cheour M. (2000) Speech sound representation in the brain. Audiology Neuro-Otology 5:140-150.
Bellis TJ, Nicol T., Kraus N. (2000) Aging affects hemispheric asymmetry in the neural representation of speech sounds. Journal of Neuroscience 20:791-797.
Cheour M, Leppanen PH, & Kraus, N. (2000) Mismatch negativity (MMN) as a tool for investigating auditory discrimination and sensory memory in infants and children. Clinical Neurophysiology 111:4-16.
Allen J, Kraus N & Bradlow AR. (2000) Neural representation of consciously imperceptible speech-sound differences. Perceptual Psychophysiology 62:1383-1393.
Kraus N, Bradlow AR, Cheatham MA, Cunningham J, King C, Koch DB, Nicol T, McGee T, Stein L ., Wright B. (2000) Consequences of neural asynchrony: A case of auditory neuropathy. Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 1:33-45.
1999-1990 top
Kraus N, Koch DB, McGee TJ, Nicol TG & Cunningham J. (1999) Speech-sound discrimination in school-age children: psychophysical and neurophysiologic measures. Journal of Speech and Language Hearing Research 42:1042-1060.
Bradlow AR, Kraus N, Nicol TG, McGee TJ, Cunningham J, Zecker SG., Carrell TD. (1999) Effects of lengthened formant transition duration on discrimination and neural representation of synthetic CV syllables by normal and learning- disabled children. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 106:2086-2096.
Koch DB, McGee TJ, Bradlow AR., Kraus N. (1999) Acoustic-phonetic approach toward understanding neural processes and speech perception. Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 10:304-318.
Kraus N. (1999) Speech sound perception, neurophysiology, and plasticity. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 47:123-129.
King C, Nicol T, McGee T & Kraus N. (1999) Thalamic asymmetry is related to acoustic signal complexity. Neuroscience Letters 267:89-92.
Carrell TD, Bradlow AR, Nicol TG, Koch DB & Kraus N. (1999) Interactive software for evaluating auditory discrimination. Ear and Hearing 20:175-6.
Bradlow A, Koch D, Kraus N, Pisoni D. (1999) Effects of talker and lexical variability on speech perception by special populations.
Kraus N. (1999) Speech-sound perceptual learning. The Hearing Journal, 52: 64-66.
Kraus N. (1999) Learning and perceiving speech sounds. Brain Mechanisms and Disorders in Language Comprehension, 10-11.
Kraus N. (1999) Biology of speech-sound perception and linguistic experience. In: Pathologies of Speech and Language. Advances in Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics. B. Maasen and P. Groenen (eds.), WHURR Publ., London, 117-136.
Kraus N, McGee TJ & Koch DB. (1998) Speech sound representation, perception, and plasticity: a neurophysiologic perceptive. Audiology Neuro-Otology 3:168-182.
Tremblay K, Kraus N & McGee T. (1998) The time course of auditory perceptual learning: neurophysiological changes during speech-sound training. Neuroreport 9:3557-60.
Kraus N, McGee TJ & Koch DB. (1998) Speech sound perception and learning: biologic bases. Scandinavian Audiology Supplemental 49:7-17.
Harrison R, Kraus N, Lutkenhoner B, Rajan R, Schreiner C, eds. (1998) Functional Organization and Plasticity of the Auditory Cortex, Audiology and Neuro-Otology, 3.
Kraus N, McGee T, Koch, D. (1998) Biologic bases of speech-sound perception and learning. Scandinavian Audiology 27: 7-17.
Tremblay K, Kraus N, Carrell TD & McGee T. (1997) Central auditory system plasticity: generalization to novel stimuli following listening training. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 102:3762-3773.
Sharma A, Kraus N, McGee TJ & Nicol TG. (1997) Developmental changes in P1 and N1 central auditory responses elicited by consonant-vowel syllables. Electroencephalography and Clinicial Neurophysiology 104:540-545.
McGee T, Kraus N & Nicol T. (1997) Is it really a mismatch negativity? An assessment of methods for determining response validity in individual subjects. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 104:359-368.
Jacobson GP, Kraus N & McGee TJ. (1997) Hearing as reflected by middle and long latency event-related potentials. Advances in Otorhinolaryngology 53:46-84.
Kraus N, McGee TJ, Carrell TD, Zecker SG, Nicol TG & Koch DB. (1996) Auditory neurophysiologic responses and discrimination deficits in children with learning problems. Science 273:971-973.
McGee T & Kraus N. (1996) Auditory development reflected by middle latency response. Ear and Hearing 17:419-429.
McGee T, Kraus N, King C, Nicol T & Carrell TD. (1996) Acoustic elements of speechlike stimuli are reflected in surface recorded responses over the guinea pig temporal lobe. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 99:3606-3614.
Kraus N. (1996) The discriminating brain. The Hearing Journal 49:10-14.
Stein L, Tremblay K, Pasternak J, Banerjee S, Lindemann K, & Kraus N. (1996) Brainstem abnormalities in neonates with normal otoacoustic emissions. Seminars in Hearing 17:197-213.
Kraus N, McGee T, Carrell T, Sharma A & Nicol T. (1995) Mismatch negativity to speech stimuli in school-age children. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology Supplemental 44:211-7.
Kraus N & McGee T. (1995) The middle latency response generating system. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology Suppl 44:93-101.
King C, McGee T, Rubel EW, Nicol T & Kraus N. (1995) Acoustic features and acoustic changes are represented by different central pathways. Hearing Research 85:45-52.
Kraus N, McGee T, Carrell T, King C & Tremblay K. (1995) Central auditory system plasticity associated with speech discrimination training. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 7:27-34.
Kraus N, McGee T, Carrell TD & Sharma A. (1995) Neurophysiologic bases of speech discrimination. Ear and Hearing 16:19-37.
Micco AG, Kraus N, Koch DB, McGee TJ, Carrell TD, Sharma A, Nicol T & Wiet RJ. (1995) Speech-evoked cognitive P300 potentials in cochlear implant recipients. American Journal of Otology 16:514-20.
Stein L, Kraus N, McGee T & Koch DB. (1995) New developments in the clinical application of auditory evoked potentials with children with multiple handicaps. Scandinavian Audiology Supplemental 41:18-30.
Kraus N, McGee T, Carrell T, Sharma A, Nicol T. (1995) Mismatch negativity to speech stimuli in school-age children. In G. Karmos, M Molnar, V Csepe, I Czigler, J Desmedt (eds): Perspectives of Event-Related Potentials Research (EEG and Clin Neurophysiol Suppl 44), Elsevier Science B.V., pp. 211-217.
Kraus N, McGee T. (1995) The generating system underlying the middle latency response. In G. Karmos, M Molnar, V Csepe, I Czigler, J Desmedt (eds): Perspectives of Event-Related Potentials Research (EEG and Clin Neurophysiol Suppl 44), Elsevier Science B.V., pp. 93-101.
Kraus N, Näätänen R, eds. (1995) Mismatch Negativity as an Index of Central Auditory Function, Ear and Hearing special issue.
Kraus N, McGee T, Littman T, Nicol T & King C. (1994) Nonprimary auditory thalamic representation of acoustic change. J Neurophysiology 72:1270-7.
Kraus N & McGee T. (1994) Auditory event-related potentials. in Handbook of Clinical Audiology, J Katz, ed. Williams and Wilkins:Baltimore. pp. 403-423.
Littman T, Kraus N, McGee T & Nicol T. (1994) Binaural response patterns in subdivisions of the medial geniculate body. Brain Research 640:286-95.
Sharma A, Kraus N, Nicol T, Carrell T & McGee T. (1994) Physiological bases of pitch and place of articulation perception: a case study. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 95:3011.
Kraus N, McGee T, Carrell T, King C, Littman T & Nicol T. (1994) Discrimination of speech-like contrasts in the auditory thalamus and cortex. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 96:2758-68.
Kraus N, Kileny P, McGee T. (1994) The MLR: Clinical and theoretical principles. In J. Katz (ed), Handbook of Clinical Audiology, 3rd edition, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, MD, pp. 387-402.
Kraus N, McGee T. (1994) Mismatch negativity in the assessment of central auditory function. Short Course, American Journal of Audiology, 39-51.
Sharma A, Kraus N, McGee T, Carrell T & Nicol T. (1993) Acoustic versus phonetic representation of speech as reflected by the mismatch negativity event-related potential. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 88:64-71.
Kraus N & McGee T. (1993) Clinical implications of primary and nonprimary pathway contributions to the middle latency response generating system. Ear and Hearing 14:36-48.
Kraus N, Micco AG, Koch DB, McGee T, Carrell T, Sharma A, Wiet RJ & Weingarten CZ. (1993) The mismatch negativity cortical evoked potential elicited by speech in cochlear-implant users. Hearing Research 65:118-24.
McGee T, Kraus N, Killion M, Rosenberg R & King C. (1993) Improving the reliability of the auditory middle latency response by monitoring EEG delta activity. Ear and Hearing 14:76-84.
Kraus N, McGee T, Ferre J, Hoeppner JA, Carrell T, Sharma A & Nicol T. (1993) Mismatch negativity in the neurophysiologic/behavioral evaluation of auditory processing deficits: a case study. Ear and Hearing 14:223-34.
Kraus N, McGee T, Carrell T, Sharma A, Micco A, & Nicol T. (1993) Speech evoked cortical potentials in children. Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 4:238-48.
Kraus N, McGee T, Micco A, Sharma A, Carrell T & Nicol T. (1993) Mismatch negativity in school-age children to speech stimuli that are just perceptibly different. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 88:123-30.
Kraus N and McGee T. (1993) The auditory middle latency response. In Jacobson (ed), The Principles and Applications in Auditory Evoked Potentials. Allyn & Bacon, Simon & Shuster, Needham Hts. MA, pp. 155-178.
Kraus N, McGee T, Sharma A, Carrell T & Nicol T. (1992) Mismatch negativity event-related potential elicited by speech stimuli. Ear and Hearing 13:158-64.
Kraus N, McGee T, Littman T & Nicol T. (1992) Reticular formation influences on primary and non-primary auditory pathways as reflected by the middle latency response. Brain Research 587:186-94.
McGee T, Kraus N, Littman T & Nicol T. (1992) Contributions of medial geniculate body subdivisions to the middle latency response. Hearing Research 61:147-54.
Littman T, Kraus N, McGee T & Nicol T. (1992) Binaural stimulation reveals functional differences between midline and temporal components of the middle latency response in guinea pigs. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 84:362-72.
Kraus N, McGee T. (1992) Electrophysiology of the Human Auditory System. In: The Mammalian Auditory System Vol. II, A. Popper, R. Fay (eds.) Springer Verlag, New York, pp. 335-404.
Toleikis R, Kraus N. (1992) Effects of anesthetics on auditory evoked potentials. Intraoperative Auditory Monitoring Perspectives and Techniques, Academy of Otolaryngology, R. Wiet (ed), pp. 49-56.
McGee T, Kraus N, Comperatore C & Nicol T. (1991) Subcortical and cortical components of the MLR generating system. Brain Research 544:211-20.
McGee T, Kraus N, Nicol T & Littman T. (1991) Contributions of the subcomponents of the medial geniculate body on the MLR. Hearing Research 61:147-154.
Kraus N & McGee T. (1990) Topographic mapping of the auditory middle latency response. in Auditory Evoked Magnetic Fields and Potentials. Adv Audiol vol 6, M Hoke, F Grandori, & GL Romani (eds). Karger:Switzerland, pp.141-164.
Kraus N & McGee T. (1990) Clinical applications of the middle latency response. Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 1:130-3.
Kraus N, McGee T. (1990) Topographic images of the auditory middle latency response. In Grandori F, Hoke M, Romani G (eds): Auditory evoked electric and magnetic fields. Topographic mapping and functional localization. Karger, Switzerland, vol. 6.
1989 and earlier top
Kraus N, McGee T & Comperatore C. (1989) MLRs in children are consistently present during wakefulness, stage 1, and REM sleep. Ear and Hearing 10:339-45.
Kraus N, Jacobson S, McGee T & Stark C. (1988) Multichannel intracranial recording device using a color imaging brain mapping system. Brain Topography 1:61-64.
McGee T, Kraus N & Manfredi C. (1988) Toward a strategy for analyzing the auditory middle-latency response waveform. Audiology 27:119-30.
McGee TJ, Kraus N & Wolters C. (1988) Viewing the audiogram through a mathematical model. Ear and Hearing 9:153-156.
Smith DI & Kraus N. (1988) Intracranial and extracranial recordings of the auditory middle latency response. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 71:296-303.
Kraus N, Smith DI & McGee T. (1988) Midline and temporal lobe MLRs in the guinea pig originate from different generator systems: a conceptual framework for new and existing data. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 70:541-58.
Kraus N & McGee T. (1988) Color imaging of the human middle latency response. Ear and Hearing 9:159-67.
Kraus N, Smith DI, McGee T, Stein L & Cartee C. (1987) Development of the middle latency response in an animal model and its relation to the human response. Hearing Research 27:165-76.
Smith DI & Kraus N. (1987) Postnatal development of the auditory brainstem response (ABR) in the unanesthetized gerbil. Hearing Research 27:157-64.
Kraus N, Smith DI & McGee T. (1987) Rate and filter effects on the developing middle-latency response. Audiology 26:257-68.
Kraus N, Reed N, Smith DI, Stein L & Cartee C. (1987) High-pass filter settings affect the detectability of MLRs in humans. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 68:234-6.
Smith DI & Kraus N. (1987) Effects of chloral hydrate, pentobarbital, ketamine, and curare on the auditory middle latency response. American Journal of Otolaryngology 8:241-8.
Stein L, Kraus N (1987) Auditory evoked potentials and the multi-handicapped patient. In :Jacobson (ed.), The ABR. College Hill Press: San Diego pp 337-349, 1987.
Özdamar Ö, Kraus N & Grossmann J. (1986) Binaural interaction in the auditory middle latency response of the guinea pig. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 63:476-83.
Kraus N, Smith DI, McGee T, Stein L (1986) Development of the MLR in humans corresponds closely to an animal model. Proceedings, International Congress on Auditory Evoked Potentials, New York City, NY.
Kraus N, Smith DI & Grossmann J. (1985) Cortical mapping of the auditory middle latency response in the unanesthetized guinea pig. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 62:219-26.
Stein L & Kraus N. (1985) Auditory evoked potentials and the multiply handicapped patient. in The ABR, Jacobson (ed). College Hill Press:San Diego, pp. 337-349.
Kraus N, Smith DI, Reed NL, Stein LK & Cartee C. (1985) Auditory middle latency responses in children: effects of age and diagnostic category. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 62:343-51.
Kraus N, Smith DI, Reed NL, Willott J, & Erwin J. (1985) Auditory brainstem and middle latency responses in non-human primates. Hearing Research 17:219-26.
Kraus N, Özdamar Ö, Heydemann PT, Stein L & Reed NL. (1984) Auditory brain-stem responses in hydrocephalic patients. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 59:310-7.
Kraus N, Özdamar Ö, Stein L & Reed N. (1984) Absent auditory brain stem response: peripheral hearing loss or brain stem dysfunction? Laryngoscope 94:400-6.
Özdamar Ö & Kraus N. (1983) Auditory middle-latency responses in humans. Audiology 22:34-49.
Özdamar Ö & Kraus N. (1983) Auditory brainstem response in infants recovering from bacterial meningitis: Neurologic assessment. Archives of Neurology 40:499-502.
Stein L, Özdamar Ö, Kraus N & Paton J. (1983) Follow-up of infants screened by auditory brainstem response in the neonatal intensive care unit. Journal of Pediatrics 103:447-53.
McGee TJ, Özdamar Ö & Kraus N. (1983) Auditory middle latency responses in the guinea pig. American Journal of Otolaryngology 4:116-22.
Disterhoft JF, Shipley MD, Kraus N (1983) Analyzing the rabbit NM conditioned reflex arc. In: Woody CD (ed): Conditioning: Representation of Involved Neural Functions. Plenum, New York, pp 443-449.
Kraus N & Disterhoft JF. (1982) Response plasticity of single neurons in rabbit auditory association cortex during tone-signalled learning. Brain Research 246:205-15.
Kraus N, Özdamar Ö, Hier D & Stein L. (1982) Auditory middle latency responses (MLRs) in patients with cortical lesions. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 54:275-87.
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